ByRossi

I can see you now. You are staring at the test kit results and feel confused about the further process of raising the pH in the pool. Moreover, you might wonder how low pH can affect the pool. 

Don’t panic! Issues with pH are easy to solve with simple and affordable chemicals or even without them. 

Here, I don’t propose you a universal and one-way solution to raise pool pH, because there is no such thing. I am convinced that those who propose only one, barely understand pool chemistry.

In this article, I teach you about 3 effective methods to increase pH in the pool according to the existing chemical balance. We even learn how you can raise pH naturally and without any chemicals. In addition, I will debunk the myths about the use of baking soda and the effects of low pH on the pool. 

If the pH is too high, the best way to lower it is with muriatic acid. Check out a guide on how to decrease pH in the pool?

What is pH?

pH is usually the first thing you check while testing the water. pH means ”potential of hydrogen” or “power of Hydrogen”, in other words, it evaluates the concentration of Hydrogen ions in water. It is used to measure how acidic or basic the liquid is. When the concentration of Hydrogen increases, the solution becomes more acidic, so the pH decreases.

pH ranges from 0 to 14, where 0 is the most acidic and 14 is the most alkaline. The pH of 7 is neutral. 

The recommended value of pH for the pool is 7.2-7.6. When the pH gets too low it may influence chlorine efficiency and lead to corrosion of the pool. When the value is above 7.8 you might see the scaling on the surfaces, cloudy water, and skin and eyes irritation.

😀 Fun fact: Only water-based solutions have pH. Neither oil nor ethanol extracts have pH value. 

Why is raising pH not only about it?

pH is often mixed with total alkalinity (TA). These parameters are not the same but are highly interconnected. For this reason, you need to know both pH and TA before deciding on a method for raising pH. 

Total alkalinity shows the concentration of all alkaline compounds in water. These substances can either attract or release Hydrogen ions. This creates a buffer in water that resists a decrease in pH. 

Bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydroxide are major contributors to the total alkalinity (TA). Total alkalinity is measured in parts-per-million (ppm) and the standard range is from 80 to 120 ppm. 

💡 Useful facts

• If you use Trichlor to stabilize chlorine in the pool, you need a higher TA value. Trichlor is an acidic compound, so you need more alkaline compounds to resist pH swift to the acidic side. 

• If you use liquid chlorine (bleach), then it is OK to maintain TA around 80 ppm or even lower (above 50 ppm). As bleach is highly alkaline, it can drastically increase pH if TA is high.

Why is total alkalinity important?

Total alkalinity and pH are in tight connection. In most cases, if you raise pH, you increase TA, and if you decrease TA, you decrease pH. So you need to know both TA and pH to manage the pool effectively. 

The higher TA is faster and the higher pH raises naturally. For example, if the total alkalinity (TA) is 80 ppm and water temperature is 80°F (26.6°C), the pH will raise naturally to 8.32! 

When you add chemicals such as washing soda/soda ash to raise pH, you simultaneously increase total alkalinity.  

High TA requires more acid to decrease pH and you will need to add it more frequently to stabilize pH. As a result, you will spend more on chemicals. 

Preparation steps before raising pH in the pool

You need to do two important things before deciding on the method to increase pH.

• Test the water to know pH and total alkalinity (TA)

Ok, I am sure you have already done it (why else you are here). Just in case you didn’t do it, you need to determine pH and total alkalinity (TA). If you wonder how to do it right, follow our complete guide on testing water in the pool.

Ideal pH: 7.2-7.6

Ideal TA: 80-120 ppm

The TA amount will determine the correct method to use in your situation. 

• If the TA is low <80 ppm you need to increase it along with pH. It’s better to use soda ash as it affects both of these parameters. 
• If TA is around 80 ppm (if you use SWGs and liquid chlorine/bleach) or 100 ppm (if you use trichlor) apply Borax. It will increase pH and influence TA a little. 
• If TA is high, use aeration, This is a method to increase pH naturally without affecting TA.

❗ If your pH is lower than 7.0, aeration will take a long time. If TA allows, firstly use Borax to increase pH to 7.0 and then use aeration to adjust it. 

• Calculate the volume of the pool

You should dose every chemical following the total volume of the pool. If cannot find this information in the documentation for the pool, you can use the formulas below:

3 effective ways to raise pool pH

Borax — to raise pH without raising alkalinity

Borax is a commonly used chemical to raise pH. They can do it fast and increase TA only a little. If your TA is already high, Borax is your solution. It is easy to use and it raises pH without rapid changes, so it is hard to make a mistake.

💡 Useful fact: Borax has many names: Sodium borate, Sodium tetraborate, and Disodium Tetraborate. Look for these compounds while buying chemicals to increase pH. You can find borax in the grocery store near products for laundry.

Step-by-step guide

❗ Don’t forget to test the water before adding Borax

1. Put on protective goggles and gloves.
2. Calculate how much Borax you need to raise the pH. Calculations are complicated, so it is better to use a pool calculator. You need to enter the volume of the pool, present and desired pH levels, and TA values. The amount of borax depends on these three factors.
3. Weight 75% of the calculated amount. Why? As the pH and total alkalinity are in a dynamic balance, you can’t be 100% sure of the final result after adding chemicals. 
4. Switch on the pump.
5. Read pool instructions on how to add chemicals to the pool. There are two recommended ways:
   • Dissolve borax in the basket of pool water and slowly pour it in front of a return jet (I recommend it)
   • Add undiluted to the skimmer in small portions (this method exposes the inner system to the local high pH that causes metal corrosion. 
6. Add chemicals to the water.
7. Wait at least for 30 minutes and retest the water. 
8. If pH is still unbalanced calculate the required amount of borax and repeat steps from 2^nd to 5^th. 
9. You can swim in the pool after 30 minutes. 

Washing soda or soda ash — to increase both pH and alkalinity

Soda ash aka Washing soda or pH Up is the most well-known chemical to increase pH in the pool. It raises both pH and TA. 

💡 Bear in mind! Soda ash (sodium carbonate) is NOT a baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). The compounds are different and affect water chemistry differently!

📌Pro tip! If you use trichlor to stabilize the chlorine is also better to use soda ash to increase pH than borax, because trichlor decreases both pH and TA. 

Step-by-step guide

❗ Don’t forget to test the water before adding chemicals

1. Put on safety goggles and gloves. As the soda ash solution is alkali it can damage your skin and eyes.

2. Take a bucket (min. 5 gallons) and fill it with pool water. 

3. Calculate and weigh half of the needed amount of soda ash. Usually, to raise the pH of 10,000 gallons of water by 0.2 you need 6 ounces (170 g) of soda ash. For more precise calculation use a pool calculator.

Amount of soda ash = (Points to add/2)×6 oz

4. Slowly add soda ash to the bucket with water, and stir until total dissolving. Ensure that there are no residues on the bottom. 

📌 Pro tip: Don’t exceed 15 pounds per 5 gallons. Otherwise, it can be difficult to dissolve the salt. 

5. Turn on the pump

6. Slowly pour half of the bucket around the pool. Add fresh water, stir and add the half again. Do it a couple of times.

7. Wait for 30 minutes and retest the water. If you are not satisfied with the results repeat steps 3-6. 

Aeration — to raise pH without chemicals

Aeration is a natural way to increase pH without affecting TA. The only drawback of this method is time. Compared to Borax or soda ash, it usually takes more than one day of aeration to significantly change pH.

Because of the time factor, it’s better to use aeration only if the pH is not less than 7.0.

Step-by-step guide

The aeration process is straightforward. 

1. To aerate the water, you should produce as many bubbles as possible Some ideas are:
   • Turn on SWG, waterfall, fountain, air compressor
   • Direct spa jets to the water surface to cause a ripple.
   • Allow kids to splash in the water.
2. The time for aeration differs depending on the TA level. The higher the TA, the faster you will notice a change in pH. It can take a couple of hours or a day. 
3. Don’t forget to retest the water regularly to check the pH.

Is baking soda good for increasing pH in the pool?

While you might find threads about adding baking soda to raise pH on popular forums such as Quora or Reddit, I must warn you from doing so. 

As I said before, people usually mix baking soda (sodium BIcarbonate) with soda ash (sodium carbonate). The compounds are not the same and act differently for pool chemistry. 

NaHCO3 ≠ Na2CO3

You should remember that baking soda influences total alkalinity and has minor effects on pH. The pH of the sodium bicarbonate solution ranges from 8.3 to 8.6 which is not enough to shift the pH of the pool significantly. 

If the TA gets too high, it becomes hard to low pH, as TA works like a buffer and resists the change. Also, the pH increases faster and it is likely to become out of range. If the pH is higher than 7.8, you may experience cloudy water and scaling. 

In a nutshell: You shouldn’t use baking soda to increase pH.

Myths and facts about consequences of low pH?

While going through many articles you might find that low pH leads to negative consequences for health and pool maintenance. Common thoughts include:

• Decrease efficiency of chlorine.
• Skin and eye irritation.
• Damage pool equipment. 

I am happy to inform you that most of these statements are not true or partly false. Below we debunk some of them with facts. 

⬇️ Decrease efficiency of chlorine

This is a myth and a fact at the same time. If you don’t add cyanuric acid (CYA) to the water, then the level of active chlorine strongly depends on the pH. 

However, when you add cyanuric acid (CYA) for chlorine stabilization you almost demolish the impact of pH on chlorine form. 

👀 Skin and eye irritation

Nobody wants to be itchy or see skin irritation after swimming in an acidic pool. But the truth is that our skin surface is a little acidic and its pH ranges from 4 to 7. So swimming in a little acidic water cause no harm [1].

As for the eyes, their normal pH is around 7.1 [2], but this is not the pH that causes major eye irritation and redness. Chlorine causes the biggest damage to the eyes. It dehydrates the eyes and, breaks tear film that protects the eyes from infections.

⚠️ Damage to the pool

This is the fact. Maybe you won’t notice severe effects with a pH of 7.0, but as more acidic the water becomes more damage it makes to the pool. Acidic water causes corrosion of pump, concrete, and metals. It also makes the surface of tiles rougher, which promotes algae growth

Summary

While deciding on the method of raising the pH, you need to test the pool for pH and total alkalinity as these factors are interconnected. While pH stands for Hydrogen concentration, the total alkalinity describes how resistant the pool is to the decrease of pH. 

There are 3 methods to choose from: adding borax, adding soda ash, or aeration. Borax is good in raising pH and has a little effect on tidal alkalinity. Soda ash adds to both pH and TA. Aeration requires no chemicals and increases pH naturally. You should use aeration if the pH value is not lower than 7.0. 

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